When it comes to your canine’s exercise requirements, you have probably wondered how much exercise is enough? Is a walk around the block sufficient? A couple of ball throws in the backyard? A ten-mile jog? In this article, we consider all the factors that make up a good regimen for your particular dog so that you can decide what’s right for you.
Why do dogs need exercise?
Before we answer the question “how much is right for your dog,” it might be good to consider briefly “why must we do this?” Of course, there is not just one answer to the question “why do dogs need a certain amount of exercise.” There are several factors – seven actually – that contribute to the reason some dogs require more exercise than others. These factors are rooted in the dog’s genetics, breed characteristics, and unique temperament. We’ll look at these one by one.
Breed and Genetics
- Your Dog Has a Working and Sporting Background: Dogs bred for specific tasks, such as herding, hunting, or guarding, often have high energy levels. Breeds like Border Collies, German Shepherds, and Labrador Retrievers were developed to work long hours, requiring them to be physically active and mentally sharp. Lucky you! This is the dog you love.
- Selective Breeding: Over generations, breeders have selected dogs that exhibit traits like stamina, speed, and agility. These traits are often linked to high energy levels and a need for regular exercise. So, your dog was born this way.
Size and Muscle Composition
- Muscle Mass: Dogs with more muscle mass, such as those bred for activities like pulling sleds (e.g., Siberian Huskies), often need more exercise to keep their muscles engaged and prevent boredom. And you thought your dog was just buff.
- Body Size: Larger dogs, in general, may require more exercise simply because they have more energy to expend. However, this is not a strict rule, as some large breeds are relatively low-energy. At some (hopefully far away) time in the future when it’s time to choose a new dog, you’ll want think about low-energy breeds (such as Great Dane, saint Bernard, Newfoundland, or Mastiff) if that better matches your lifestyle.
Mental Stimulation Needs
- Intelligence: Highly intelligent dogs, such as Poodles or Australian Shepherds, require more mental stimulation to stay content. Physical exercise often serves as an outlet for this mental energy. Without enough exercise, these dogs can become bored and may develop behavioral issues (you know, chewing, sofa un-stuffing, gnawing on doors, sheetrock and trim…)
Curiosity and Drive
Dogs with strong instincts, such as hunting or herding, have an innate drive to engage in activities that mimic their natural behaviors. Exercise helps satisfy these instincts.
In the outdoor word, there are a variety of satisfying smells that just don’t occur inside your house. When you’re walking your dog, it’s like a daily smell-cation.
Age
Puppies and younger dogs typically have higher energy levels and need more exercise to help them develop properly. As dogs age, their energy levels may decrease, but some breeds remain active well into their senior years.
Personality and Temperament.
Even within the same breed, individual dogs can have varying energy levels. Some dogs are naturally more energetic and playful, requiring more exercise to remain happy and healthy. So you can attribute this to luck: you got the wild puppy and the family that adopted his sibling got the one that sleeps on the sofa all day.
Health and Metabolism
High Metabolism: Dogs with faster metabolisms often need more exercise to help regulate their energy levels. This is common in breeds that are naturally lean and muscular (e.g., Greyhound, Whippet, Doberman).
Health Conditions: Some health conditions or dietary factors can also influence a dog’s energy levels. A healthy diet and regular exercise help maintain a dog’s overall well-being, but some dogs may require more activity due to specific health needs. For example:
- Obesity. Dogs that are obese require more exercise to stay healthy.
- Arthritis. While it might seem counterintuitive, moderate, low-impact exercise can help dogs with arthritis maintain joint mobility and muscle mass, which supports the joints. Exercise also helps with weight management, reducing the load on arthritic joints.
- Diabetes. Regular exercise helps regulate blood sugar levels and can improve insulin sensitivity. For dogs with diabetes, a consistent exercise routine can help in managing their condition effectively.
- Heart Disease. Mild to moderate exercise can help improve cardiovascular health, strengthen the heart muscle, and improve circulation. However, the level and intensity of exercise should be carefully monitored based on the dog’s specific condition and under veterinary supervision.
- Digestive Issues. Regular physical activity can help promote healthy digestion and prevent issues like constipation. Exercise stimulates the digestive system, helping it function more efficiently.
- Hypothyroidism. Dogs with hypothyroidism often experience weight gain and lethargy. Exercise can help manage weight and combat the lethargy associated with this condition, though it should be paired with appropriate medication.
- Hip Dysplasia. Similar to arthritis, controlled exercise (especially low-impact activities like swimming) can help maintain muscle mass, which supports the hip joints, and helps manage pain.
- Cognitive Dysfunction Syndrome (Canine Dementia). Regular physical and mental exercise can help slow cognitive decline in older dogs. Exercise stimulates the brain and can improve cognitive function in dogs with this condition.
Understanding these factors can help pet owners provide the appropriate level of exercise and mental stimulation their dog needs to stay healthy and happy.
Which Dog Breeds Need the Most Exercise?
If you haven’t committed to a certain dog type, you might wonder which ones have the highest energy levels so that you can make your best match. For example, if you’re a runner, a high-energy dog is a great companion. Here are a few of the highest-energy breeds if you’re thinking of going that direction.
- Border Collie – Known for their intelligence and herding instincts, Border Collies are extremely active and need constant mental and physical challenges.
- Australian Shepherd – Another herding breed, Australian Shepherds thrive on activity and can become bored or destructive if not given enough exercise.
- Jack Russell Terrier – Small but mighty, Jack Russells are full of energy and require a lot of physical activity and mental engagement to stay happy.
- Siberian Husky – Bred for pulling sleds over long distances, Huskies have boundless energy and need plenty of exercise to stay healthy and content.
- Belgian Malinois – Often used in police and military work, Belgian Malinois are highly active and require a lot of physical and mental stimulation.
- Labrador Retriever (Field Line) – While Labradors can vary in energy levels, those from working or field lines are typically very active and need a lot of exercise.
- Dalmatian – Originally bred as carriage dogs, Dalmatians have a high endurance level and require consistent exercise to prevent boredom.
- Vizsla – Known as “Velcro dogs” due to their attachment to their owners, Vizslas are also very active and need plenty of exercise and attention.
- Weimaraner – Weimaraners are high-energy hunting dogs that require a lot of exercise and can become restless or destructive if not properly engaged.
- German Shorthaired Pointer – As a sporting breed, German Shorthaired Pointers have a high level of energy and need regular exercise to stay balanced and happy.
How much exercise does my high-energy dog need daily?
If you already have a high-energy dog in your life, you might be wondering just exactly how much exercise should we be planning for? Of course, the amount of exercise a high-energy dog needs daily can vary depending on the breed, age, and individual temperament, but a general guideline is 1.5 to 2 hours of stimulation per day which can be a mix of physical activity and mental stimulation. Here’s how you might break it down:
Physical Exercise (60-90 minutes)
- Walks or Runs: At least one or two walks or runs per day, totaling 60-90 minutes. For very high-energy breeds, more intense exercise like running, hiking, or playing fetch is ideal.
- Playtime: Activities like fetch, frisbee, or tug-of-war help burn off excess energy and engage your dog in a fun way.
- Off-Leash Time: If safe, allow your dog some off-leash time in a secure area to run and explore freely.
Mental Stimulation (30-60 minutes)
- Training Sessions: Short, frequent training sessions throughout the day can help tire your dog mentally and reinforce good behavior.
- Puzzle Toys and Games: Interactive toys or games that challenge your dog to think can be great for mental exercise. This could include treat-dispensing toys, hide-and-seek games, or teaching new tricks.
- Scent Work: Engaging your dog in scent-based games, like hiding treats around the house, can also be mentally stimulating.
Puppies and Young Dogs
Puppies may need shorter bursts of exercise due to their developing bones and joints, but they still require plenty of play and mental engagement. It’s best to break up their exercise into multiple short sessions throughout the day.
Older Dogs
Senior high-energy dogs may still enjoy exercise but might require lower-impact activities, like gentle walks or swimming, depending on their health.
Every dog is different, so it’s important to pay attention to your dog’s behavior and adjust the routine as needed.
How do I know if my dog is getting enough exercise?
This one is easy. If your dog is restless, destructive, or overly excitable, it may need more exercise.
How do I know if my dog needs less exercise?
You can over-do it. Excessive panting, limping, or reluctance to continue playing can indicate your dog has had enough for the day. Here are the key signs to watch for:
1. Excessive Panting
While panting is normal during exercise, excessive or unusually heavy panting can indicate that your dog is struggling to cool down and may be overexerted. This is especially concerning if the panting persists after the exercise has stopped.
2. Drooling or Foaming at the Mouth
Excessive drooling, especially if it is thicker than usual or accompanied by foaming, can be a sign that your dog is overheating or fatigued.
3. Slowing Down or Lagging Behind
If your dog begins to slow down, lags behind during a walk or run, or frequently stops and lies down, it’s a clear sign that they are tired and need a break.
4. Limping or Stiffness
If your dog starts to limp, shows stiffness in their movements, or favors one leg, they may have overexerted themselves or sustained an injury. Limping or stiffness may not be immediately apparent but could develop after the exercise session.
5. Uncoordinated Movements or Weakness
Signs of weakness, such as stumbling, unsteady walking, or an inability to stand up easily, suggest that your dog may be overexerted or suffering from muscle fatigue.
6. Excessive Thirst
While it’s normal for dogs to drink more water after exercise, excessive thirst, especially if your dog drinks rapidly or excessively, can be a sign of dehydration or overexertion.
7. Vomiting or Diarrhea
Vomiting or diarrhea during or after exercise can indicate that your dog is overexerted, overheated, or dehydrated. These symptoms are more serious and require immediate attention.
8. Glazed Eyes or Lethargy
If your dog’s eyes appear glazed or they seem unusually lethargic or disinterested in continuing, it’s a sign that they need rest. A sudden drop in energy or enthusiasm is a red flag.
9. Excessive Drooping of the Tail or Ears
A drooping tail or ears, especially if they are usually carried upright, can be a subtle sign of fatigue or discomfort.
10. Increased Heart Rate
An elevated heart rate that doesn’t return to normal within a few minutes after exercise could indicate overexertion. While you may not always be able to feel your dog’s heartbeat, you can observe their chest or stomach to gauge their breathing and pulse.
11. Whining or Unusual Vocalizations
If your dog begins to whine, whimper, or make other unusual sounds during exercise, it could indicate that they are uncomfortable, in pain, or tired.
12. Heat Exhaustion or Heatstroke Symptoms
Signs include bright red or pale gums, rapid breathing, drooling, vomiting, diarrhea, and collapse. Heatstroke is a medical emergency and requires immediate veterinary attention.
What to Do if You Notice These Signs
- Stop Exercise Immediately: If you observe any of these signs, stop the exercise and allow your dog to rest.
- Offer Water: Provide cool (but not icy) water to help your dog rehydrate. Encourage them to drink small amounts.
- Move to a Cooler Area: If overheating is suspected, move your dog to a shaded or air-conditioned area.
- Monitor Recovery: Observe your dog as they rest. If they don’t recover quickly or if symptoms persist, contact your veterinarian.
- Seek Veterinary Care: For severe signs like vomiting, diarrhea, collapse, or signs of heatstroke, seek immediate veterinary care.
Preventing overexertion is better than treating it. Keep exercise sessions appropriate for your dog’s age, breed, and fitness level, and always watch for signs that your dog may need a break.
The best way to design an exercise program for your dog is to start somewhere based on their breed, demeanor, and age. When your pet’s behavior improves, you’ll know you are on the right track!
For help sticking to your exercise program, reach out for help to our trained and certified walking team at Backyard Pets Services.
